Outlook 2025: The global energy transition – complex and urgent

Uruguay has made significant progress in decarbonising its electricity generation, with state-owned ANCAP now leading the second phase of the country’s energy transition

There is widespread consensus on the immense challenge posed by the global energy transition. But what makes this shift so complex? The urgency to decarbonise, in alignment with international climate goals, demands a profound transformation of the global energy system within a few short decades. This transformation requires not just the introduction of new technologies, but the replacement of existing primary energy sources. Today, fossil fuels account for more than 80% of the world’s energy mix. To achieve sustainability objectives, we must transition to a low-carbon system—one that is not yet fully developed or scaled. Meanwhile, global population growth and rising living standards will co