World refining system needs extensive reconstruction
The world refining system will need reconstruction to meet likely changes in transport fuels demand
One safe forecast for refiners is that their operations will become more intensive and will be carried out in fewer, larger, complexes in coming years. While demand is moving towards lighter and cleaner refined products, the world’s crude production is becoming heavier and with a higher sulphur content. Reconciling the two trends will call for the construction of a large volume of bottom-of-the-barrel processing capacity – particularly hydrocracking and delayed coking units, to crack heavy residues into middle distillates. But such units need to be large, with a capacity of 50,000 barrels a day (b/d) or more, to benefit from the economies of scale. A refinery with a distillation capacity of
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