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Eni and BP score big in Egypt
A major new discovery by Eni and BP that can likely be fast-tracked to production is welcome news for Egypt as it scrambles to plug a widening supply gap and deal with rising import risks
Letter from Iran: Nuclear miscalculation
The regime’s policy of using nuclear ambiguity as a deterrent may have failed but it has realised it has other cards to play, while its neighbours are reappraising their approach to security
Mideast plans big spending on gas to meet demand
The region’s gas producers are investing heavily in the fuel in order to satisfy burgeoning demand resulting from economic growth and a shift to cleaner fuels
Libya's potential goes unrealised
Disappointing results in its bidding round are a reality check for Libya, and global exploration generally
Letter from London: The oil market should panic tomorrow
Emergency oil stocks provide a last line of defence to oil market shocks, so the IEA’s unprecedented 400m bl release represents something of a double-edged sword
Letter from Dubai: A safe haven under fire
Missiles over Dubai and disruption in Hormuz are testing the emirate’s reputation—and shaking the energy hub at the centre of the Gulf economy
The diesel crisis
By shutting the Strait of Hormuz, Iran has cut exports of distillate-rich Middle Eastern crude, jet fuel and diesel, and is holding the energy market hostage
Explainer: Fujairah on high alert
With the Strait of Hormuz effectively closed following US-Israel strikes and Iran’s retaliatory escalation, Fujairah has become the region’s critical pressure release valve—and is now under serious threat
Middle East oil vulnerabilities have been exposed
The killing of Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei in US–Israeli strikes marks the most serious escalation in the region in decades and a bigger potential threat to the oil market than the start of the Russia-Ukraine crisis
How Hormuz chokehold threatens LNG buyers
A potential blockade of the Strait of Hormuz following the escalating US-Iran conflict risks disrupting Qatari LNG exports that underpin global gas markets, exposing Asia and other markets to sharp price spikes, cargo shortages and renewed reliance on dirtier fuels
Refining Algeria Angola Bahrain Egypt Gabon Ghana Iran Iraq Jordan Libya Niger Nigeria Saudi Arabia Senegal South Africa UAE Uganda
Lee Nichols,
Vice-president, content,
Gulf Energy Information
3 March 2025
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Hydrocarbon Processing Refining Databook 2025: Middle East & Africa

The Middle East is focusing on modernisation and expansion projects, while Africa is seeking to reduce its imports of refined products

Middle Eastern refining capacity has increased by nearly 3m b/d over the past decade, reaching more than 11.6m b/d, according to the Energy Institute. Most refining investments over the past ten years were made to diversify domestic product portfolios and move away from relying on oil export revenues.   The region continues to invest heavily in refining operations, focusing on additional refining capacity, modernisation and expansion projects and upgrades. The region will add nearly 1.2m b/d of new CDU capacity and 2m b/d of secondary unit capacity by 2030, according to OPEC.  At the time of publication, the GEI database was tracking nearly 70 active refining projects in the region, totallin

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