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Difficult times for Germany’s downstream
Europe’s refining sector is desperately trying to adapt to a shifting global energy landscape and nowhere is this more apparent than in its largest economy
Fifty years of oil trading
The invisible hand of the market has seen increasing transparency but much more needs to be done to build a better understanding
How private energy traders secure global energy supplies
The often-hidden yet powerful hand maintains supply chain linkages and global flows amid disruptions
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The addition of US crude to the world’s top oil benchmark has finally solved its North Sea conundrum and laid down a marker for the future
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Scepticism, confusion and disdain over OPEC+’s extended and deeper supply cuts should give way to an appreciation of the new multi-speed producer alliance
How the Yom Kippur war changed OPEC
Half a century after the 1973 conflict, the world is dramatically different. But OPEC’s power remains
Have India’s imports of Russian crude peaked?
Russia has leapfrogged Mideast sources to become India’s largest supplier, but flows may be poised to plateau
Shipping shrugs off Hormuz Strait incidents
Despite contradictory claims of increased tensions in Mideast Gulf waters and possible rapprochement between the US and Iran, the situation appears business as usual for freight
China pumps record crude despite economic headwinds
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Billions of dollars change hands each day based on benchmark prices
Opinion
Trading LNG trading Oil markets
Neil Bradford
4 November 2021
Follow @PetroleumEcon
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Fixing the price… of commodity pricing

Historians believe humans have used some sort of money for buying and selling for more than 30,000 years and, over those 30 millennia, our methods of establishing value for these transactions have evolved. In the digital age, commodity prices should be no different

Pricing and money have enabled us to move beyond bartering goods and services directly with our neighbours to build an increasingly sophisticated global trading economy. And at the very heart of our economies are the prices of the things we need to keep us alive and comfortable. Commodity prices hit the headlines when spikes cause pain to consumers. But, often less visibly, accurate prices enable the smooth running of the oil, gas, renewables, metals and agricultural sectors. So-called benchmark prices are used to inform buying decisions and value both cash-settled and physically delivered contracts—and billions of dollars change hands each day based on these prices.

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